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In Canada, municipalities are local governments established through provincial and territorial legislation, usually within general municipal statutes. Types of municipalities within Canada include cities, district municipalities, municipal districts, municipalities, parishes, rural municipalities, towns, townships, villes, and villages among others. The Province of Ontario has different tiers of municipalities, including lower, upper, and single tiers. Types of upper tier municipalities in Ontario include counties and regional municipalities. Nova Scotia also has regional municipalities, which include cities, counties, districts, or towns as municipal units.
In the United Kingdom, the term can be used "both for a city or town which is organized for self-government under a municipal corporation, and also for the governing body itself. Such a corporation in Great Britain consists of a head as a mayor or provost, and of superior members, as aldermen and councillors".
In the United States, "municipality" is usually understood as a city, town, village or other local government unit, formed by municipal charter from the state as a municipal corporation. In a state law context, some U.S. state codes define "municipality" wider, from the state itself to any political subdivisions.
The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis". A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. "Municipality" is a generic term that can describe anything from a sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York.
The territory of a municipality may encompass
In most countries, a municipality is the smallest administrative subdivision to have democratically elected representation. . Municipalities are sometimes referred to as "communes" (for example, French ''commune'', Spanish ''comuna'', Italian ''comune'', Romanian ''comună'', Swedish ''kommun'' and Norwegian/Danish ''kommune''). The term derives from the medieval commune.
In Bulgaria, a municipality () is the smallest regional administrative division and is part of a province. There are 264 municipalities grouped in 28 provinces in Bulgaria.
Category:Municipalities Category:Administrative divisions
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| Name | Sam Rainsy |
|---|---|
| Order | Leader of the Opposition of Cambodia Leader of the Sam Rainsy Party |
| Birth date | March 10, 1949 |
| Birth place | Phnom Penh, Cambodia |
| Party | Sam Rainsy Party |
| Spouse | Tioulong Saumura |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
| Profession | Politician |
| Alma mater | }} |
Sam Rainsy was born in Phnom Penh, son of Sam Sary, a member of Cambodia's government for a time in the 1950s. He moved to France in 1965, studied there and then worked in a variety of Parisian financial companies. He is married to Cambodian Saumura Tioulong, who is also member of parliament, and has three children: Patrice Sam, Muriel Sam and Rachel Sam.
He became a member of the Cambodian Funcinpec Party, and after returning to Cambodia in 1992 was elected a member of parliament for Siem Reap Province the following year. He became Minister of Finance, but was expelled from the party after losing a vote of no-confidence in 1994. In 1995, he founded the Khmer Nation Party (KNP), which changed its name before the 1998 elections to the Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) to avoid registration issues . Sam was elected a member of parliament for Kompong Cham province in those elections, and the party polled 14% of the vote. In the 2003 elections, it polled 22% of the vote.
Sam went into self-exile on 3 February 2005, citing fear of arrest after a vote in the National Assembly removed parliamentary immunity from himself and fellow SRP MPs Chea Poch and Cheam Channy . On that same day, Parliamentarian Cheam Channy was arrested, and detained in the Cambodian Military Prison. Sam faced multiple criminal defamation charges after accusing the Cambodian People's Party and Funcinpec of corruption in the formation of the current coalition government. He has also accused Prime Minister Hun Sen of involvement in the 22 January 2004 murder of SRP-affiliated union leader Chea Vichea.
At that time, the US Embassy in Phnom Penh said it was "deeply concerned" that the government appeared to be trying to "silence the opposition". Other embassies, local and international organizations shared the same concerns.
Sam was tried in absentia on 22 December 2005 in relation to the defamation lawsuits. The court sentenced him to 18 months in prison and ordered him to pay around US$14,000 in fines and compensation.
On 5 February 2006, Rainsy received a Royal Pardon by King Norodom Sihamoni at Prime Minister Hun Sen's request. He then returned to Cambodia on 10 February 2006.
In 2009, Vietnam’s foreign ministry condemned Sam Rainsy’s actions and asked the government to protect the nations’ ongoing border demarcation process. The statement called Sam Rainsy’s act “perverse, undermining common assets, violating laws of Cambodia and Vietnam, treaties, agreements and deals between the two countries”.
In October 2009, Rainsy led local residents at the Cambodia-Vietnam border in a protest against alleged Vietnamese encroachment on Cambodian territory, in which he was alleged to have encouraged villagers to uproot border markings he claimed to have been illegally placed by Vietnam. On October 25, Rainsy was charged with racial incitement and destruction of property, and the Cambodian parliament stripped Rainsy of his immunity from prosecution was in November. Rainsy was issued a summons to appear in court for a hearing. On January 1, 2010, the Svay Rieng provincial court issued an arrest warrant for Rainsy after he failed to appear in court. Rainsy is currently in Australia, and says that he will let the court try him In absentia, as the charges against him are politically motivated.
Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:Cambodian democracy activists Category:Funcinpec politicians Category:Sam Rainsy Party politicians Category:Members of the National Assembly of Cambodia Category:People from Phnom Penh Category:Recipients of Cambodian royal pardons
de:Sam Rainsy fr:Sam Rainsy it:Sam Rainsy ja:サム・ランシー km:សម រង្ស៊ី pl:Sam Rainsy ru:Сам Раинси th:สม รังสี vi:Sam RainsyThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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